Manifestaciones de trastornos musculoesqueléticos en moldeadores manuales metalúrgicos

Introducción: Los trastornos musculoesqueléticos en el contexto laboral metalúrgico repercuten negativamente desde la perspectiva personal, económica y social de los trabajadores. Objetivo: Identificar las manifestaciones de trastornos musculoesqueléticos en los moldeadores manuales metalúrgicos del área de fundición de la empresa Holmeca de la provincia Holguín, Cuba, en el período comprendido enero-marzo de 2021. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, no experimental de corte transversal en 19 moldeadores manuales metalúrgicos, en el que se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, ubicación de zonas dolorosas, intensidad del dolor, tiempo de aparición y duración del trastorno. Se emplearon métodos teóricos, empíricos. Fue utilizado el Cuestionario Nórdico estandarizado de Kuorinka y la Escala Visual Analógica. El procesamiento de la información se llevó a cabo mediante la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Se identificaron las zonas dolorosas y la prevalencia más alta de dolor musculoesqueléticos en: muñeca/mano (94,74 %), hombro (89,47 %), dorsal/lumbar (89,47 %) y codo/antebrazo (84,21 %). La intensidad del dolor fue determinada como intenso en el 36,84 % y moderado en el 42,11 % de los trabajadores; mientras que en el 21,05 % fue leve. El tiempo de padecimiento delos trastornos fue de 3-38 años,que aparecieron luego de 5 a 7 años de haber comenzado las labores en el área de estudio. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de manifestaciones de trastornos musculoesqueléticos en los moldeadores manuales metalúrgicos del área de fundición de la empresa Holmeca de Holguín es elevada. Se identifican en mano/muñeca, hombro, lumbar y codo/antebrazo, como las zonas anatómicas más afectadas en este grupo poblacional.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders in the metallurgical work context have a negative impact from the personal, economic and social perspective of workers. Objective: To identify the manifestations of musculoskeletal disorders in metallurgical manual molders in the foundry area of the Holmeca company in the province of Holguín, Cuba, in the period from January to March 2021. Method: An observational, non-experimental study was carried out. cross-sectional study in 19 metallurgical manual shapers, which included sociodemographic variables, location of painful areas, pain intensity, time of onset and duration of the disorder. Theoretical and empirical methods were used. The standardized Kuorinka Nordic Questionnaire and the Visual Analog Scale were used. The information processing was carried out using descriptive statistics. Results: The painful areas and the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal pain were identified in: wrist/hand (94.74%), shoulder (89.47%), dorsal/lumbar (89.47%) and elbow/forearm (84.21%). The intensity of the pain was determined as intense in 36.84% and moderate in 42.11% of the workers; while in 21.05% it was mild. The duration of the disorders was 3-38 years, which appeared after 5 to 7 years after beginning work in the study area. Conclusions: The prevalence of manifestations of musculoskeletal disorders in metallurgical manual molders in the foundry area of the Holmeca company in Holguín is high. They are identified in the hand/wrist, shoulder, lumbar and elbow/forearm, as the anatomical areas most affected in this population group.

Introdução: As lesões osteomusculares no contexto do trabalho metalúrgico têm um impacto negativo na perspectiva pessoal, económica e social dos trabalhadores. Objetivo: Identificar as manifestações de distúrbios osteomusculares em moldadores manuais metalúrgicos da área de fundição da empresa Holmeca, na província de Holguín, Cuba, no período de janeiro a março de 2021. Método: Foi realizado um estudo observacional, não experimental. estudo transversal em 19 modeladores manuais metalúrgicos, que incluiu variáveis sociodemográficas, localização das áreas dolorosas, intensidade da dor, tempo de início e duração do distúrbio. Foram utilizados métodos teóricos e empíricos. Foram utilizados o Questionário Nórdico Kuorinka padronizado e a Escala Visual Analógica. O processamento das informações foi realizado por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: As áreas dolorosas e as maiores prevalências de dores musculoesqueléticas foram identificadas em: punho/mão (94,74%), ombro (89,47%), dorsal/lombar (89,47%) e cotovelo/antebraço (84,21%). A intensidade da dor foi determinada como intensa em 36,84% e moderada em 42,11% dos trabalhadores; enquanto em 21,05% foi leve. A duração dos distúrbios foi de 3 a 38 anos, surgindo após 5 a 7 anos após o início do trabalho na área de estudo. Conclusões: É elevada a prevalência de manifestações de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos em moldadores manuais metalúrgicos na área de fundição da empresa Holmeca em Holguín. São identificadas na mão/punho, ombro, lombar e cotovelo/antebraço, como as áreas anatômicas mais acometidas neste grupo populacional.

Sex differences in the impact of musculoskeletal disorders on health-related quality of life: a population-based study, Campinas, SP - ISACamp 2014/15 / Diferenças entre os sexos no impacto das doenças musculoesqueléticas na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde: estudo de base populacional, Campinas, SP - ISACamp 2014/15

Abstract This article aims to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MD) on the adult population of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, verifying associated demographic and socioeconomic factors, and to analyze their impact on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) according to sex. A population-based study was conducted with 2,166 individuals using data from the ISACamp 2014/15. The Medical Outcomes Study SF-36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to measure HRQoL according to MD. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated by Poisson regression. Musculoskeletal disorders had a prevalence of 8.5% (6.7% tendonitis and 2.7% work-related musculoskeletal disorders - WMSD). Results showed a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in women, active or on leave due to illness, and in individuals with higher education levels. Moreover, reduced HRQoL scores were observed in 6 of the 8 domains, due to MD. The mental component and physical component showed greater impairment respectively among women and men after self-reported WMSD. These findings point to substantial damage from musculoskeletal disorders on the population's HRQoL. WMSD affect the HRQoL of men and women distinctly.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a prevalência de doenças musculoesqueléticas (DM) na população adulta de Campinas/SP, Brasil, verificar fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos associados e analisar o seu impacto na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) segundo sexo. Este é um estudo de base populacional utilizando dados do ISACamp 2014/15, com 2.166 indivíduos. Para a medida de QVRS, foram calculados os escores médios do Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36) segundo as DM e utilizada a regressão de Poisson para estimar as razões de prevalência (RP). A prevalência de DM foi de 8,5% (6,7% de tendinite e 2,7% de doenças osteomusculares relacionadas ao trabalho - DORT). Os resultados deste estudo mostraram maior prevalência de DM em mulheres, na população adulta ativa ou afastada por doença e em indivíduos com maior escolaridade. Além disso, observou-se redução nos escores de QVRS, devido às DM, em quase todos os domínios do instrumento. O maior comprometimento foi observado no componente mental entre as mulheres, e no componente físico, entre os homens, após autorrelato de DORT. Os achados mostram o impacto substancial das DM na QVRS da população. As DORT afetam distintamente a QVRS de homens e mulheres.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the lower limbs among artisanal fisherwomen / shellfish gatherers of Brazil / Prevalência de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos nos membros inferiores de pescadoras artesanais/marisqueiras do Brasil

Introduction: Small-scale fishing is responsible for at least 40% of the fish consumed in the world. In Brazil, the worker in this sector is the artisanal fisherman, who accounts for one in every 200 Brazilians. Artisanal fishing is part of the informal economy; therefore, the pathologies that affect these fishermen are invisible in the country's official statistics. Musculoskeletal disorders represent a major socioeconomic and public health problem, but their prevalence is little known among non-formal workers. Objective: to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in the lower limbs and to verify the associated factors among artisanal fishermen/ fisherwomen from Saubara, Bahia, Brazil. Methodology: a cross-sectional study, using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), the Brazilian version of the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and a questionnaire about physical demands, were used to collect information in a random sample of artisanal fishermen/shellfish gatherers, in 2013. Results: the prevalence of MSDs in lower limbs in the sample was 65.5% (n=137). The prevalence of MSDs in the thigh/knee segment, leg and ankle/foot were 48.7% (n=92), 47.7% (n=95) and 38.1% (n=72), respectively. There was also a high frequency of obesity, poor education, low wages, early age at onset of labor, and excessive workload. Factors such as age, smoking, physical demands, working time, absence of breaks and having had a previous job were associated with MSDs in the lower limbs. Conclusion: the high prevalence of MSDs in lower limbs in female artisanal fishermen indicates the need to develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis and reporting of these diseases.

Introdução: a pesca em pequena escala é responsável por pelo menos 40% do pescado consumido no mundo e, no Brasil, o trabalhador desse setor é o pescador artesanal, que contabiliza um a cada 200 brasileiros. Por se tratar de uma atividade da economia informal, as patologias que afetam esses pescadores são praticamente invisíveis nas estatísticas oficiais do país. Nesse contexto, os distúrbios musculoesqueléticos representam um grande problema socioeconômico e de saúde pública, mas sua prevalência é pouco conhecida entre trabalhadores não formais. Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos nos membros inferiores e fatores associados, em pescadores artesanais/marisqueiras de Saubara, Bahia, Brasil. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo transversal, utilizando o Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, a versão brasileira do Job Content Questionnaire e um questionário sobre demandas físicas, para a coleta de informações em uma amostra aleatória de pescadores artesanais/marisqueiras, ocorrida em 2013. Resultados: a prevalência de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos em membros inferiores na amostra foi de 65,5% (n=137); a prevalência no segmento coxa/joelho, perna e tornozelo/pé foi de 48,7% (n=92), 47,7% (n=95) e 38,1% (n=72), respectivamente. Observaram-se também alta frequência de obesidade, baixa escolaridade, baixos salários, idade precoce para o início do trabalho e carga horária excessiva. Fatores como idade, tabagismo, demandas físicas, tempo de trabalho, ausência de pausas e trabalho anterior, estavam associados aos referidos distúrbios. Conclusão: A alta prevalência de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos dos membros inferiores em pescadoras artesanais indica a necessidade de desenvolver estratégias de prevenção, diagnóstico e notificação dessas doenças

Prevalence and Determinants of (Work?Related) Musculoskeletal Disorders among Dentists ? A Cross Sectional Evaluative Study

Background: Work?related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are the second most common cause of disability, accounting for 17% of all Years lived with a disability (YLDs) worldwide. Healthcare professionals, especially dentists, are known to be at a higher risk of WMSDs. Therefore, this study aims to determine the point and period prevalence of WMSDs among dentists and to assess the risk factors for WMSDs, including workstation analysis. Methods: This cross?sectional study was conducted among 120 dentists from three dental colleges in Gujarat (Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar), India. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and occupational history along with pre?validated standardized tools such as the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) score sheet and Quick Exposure Checklist (QEC). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Results: The period prevalence of MSDs and WMSDs were 85% and 75.8% respectively, and the point prevalence was 39.2% and 23.3% respectively. Prosthodontists reported the highest prevalence of WMSDs. The neck (64.7%) was the most commonly affected area. A statistically significant result was obtained between MSDs and BMI (P = 0.02), qualification (P = 0.01) and between WMSDs and duration of work in the sitting posture (P = 0.03). Conclusions: The prevalence of both MSDs and WMSDs was found to be high. Dentists with higher BMI, higher qualifications, lack of breaks, having poor workstations and higher REBA and QEC scores, whose job tasks involve continuous inspection, frequent bending of elbow joints, frequent repetitive motions, tasks that require them to reach distances greater than 20 inches and tasks that involve twisting of the waist are at a higher risk of developing MSDs

Analysis on the characteristics and patterns of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among sonographers in Guangdong Province / 中国职业医学

Objective To analyze the characteristics of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among sonographers in Guangdong Province, and to explore the disease pattern of the cases. Methods A total of 512 sonographers from 31 hospitals in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects using stratified cluster sampling method. The prevalence of WMSDs in the past year was investigated using the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, and the characteristics of WMSDs were analyzed. Latent class analysis was used to identify the disease pattern of WMSDs. Results The overall prevalence of WMSDs was 94.3%. The top five affected body parts were right shoulder, neck, right hand/wrist, lower back and right forearm/elbow, with the prevalence of 80.3%, 75.4%, 61.1%, 55.5% and 45.3%, respectively. The prevalence of WMSDs was higher on the right side for the shoulder, hand/wrist, forearm/elbow, hip/leg and knee compared with the left side (80.3% vs 31.3%, 61.1% vs 13.9%, 45.3% vs 10.0%, 17.4% vs 8.6%, 13.1% vs 8.4%, all P<0.05). The prevalence of WMSDs increased with work years, as well the prevalence of WMSDs in the top five affected body parts among the sonographers (all P<0.05). However, there were no statistical differences in prevalence of WMSDs between general hospitals and maternal and child health hospitals, tertiary hospitals and non-tertiary hospitals, Pearl River Delta hospitals and non-Pearl River Delta hospitals; there was also no statistical difference between different genders and age groups of the sonographers (all P>0.05). The best-fit latent disease pattern for sonographers WMSDs comprised three categories： symptom of neck-right shoulder, symptom of neck-lower back-right shoulder-right elbow-right hand/wrist, and symptom of multi-parts above the knees, with the latent probabilities of 0.438, 0.427 and 0.135, respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of WMSDs in sonographers is extremely high, with a dose-effect relationship with work years. The most common affected parts are neck, lower back and right shoulder, right hand/wrist, and right forearm/elbow. The prevalence of WMSDs in the right side of limb was higher than that in the left. WMSDs primarily occur in multiple parts simultaneously. The most common symptoms occur in the neck-right shoulder and neck-lower back-right shoulder-right elbow-right hand/wrist.

Meta analysis of the prevalence and influencing factors of WMSDs among dentists in China / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the relevant factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among dentists through Meta analysis, providing a basis for the prevention and control of WMSDs among dentists. Methods: In April 2022, cross-sectional research literatures on the prevalence correlation of WMSDs among Chinese dentists were searched in databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, and Em Base database. The search was conducted from the establishment of the database until April 2022, literatures were selected using keywords such as musculoskeletal disorders and dentists. To extract gender, age, length of service, disease classification and other related influencing factors as indicator, and prevalence was selected as the outcome indicator. After evaluating the quality of the literatures, RevMan 5.3 software was used to calculate the combined RD (95%CI) values of the included literatures. Results: A total of 15 articles were included, with a total sample size of 3646 people. Meta analysis results showed that the prevalence of WMSDs among dentists in China was 80%, and the top three parts of the incidence rates were 65% of the waist, 58% of the neck, and 50% of the back. Gender, age, length of service, region and disease classification all increased the risk of WMSDs, and the combined effect size were 75%, 78%, 71%, 77% and 82% respectively (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The occurrence of WMSDs among dentists in China is related to multiple factors such as gender, age, length of service and disease classification. The above risk factors should be taken into account in the workplace and preventive measures should be actively implemented to prolong the working life of dentists.

Prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in upper back of welders in an automobile factory / 环境与职业医学

Background China's automobile manufacture is a labor-intensive industry, and most of the welding tasks are manual operations. It is often necessary to observe the solder joints during operation, and there are many adverse health outcome-related factors involved in the work process. However, the research on the prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in the upper back of welders is still insufficient. Objective To explore the prevalence and risk factors of WMSDs in the upper back of welders from an automobile factory. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. A cluster random sampling method was used to select 972 electric welders from an automobile factory as the study subjects. The Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to estimate the prevalence of WMSDs in the upper back in the past year. Results The prevalence rate of WMSDs in the upper back in the welders was 42.2% (410/972). The positive rates of studied occupational risk factors were 72.5% (705/972) for maintaining same posture for a long time, 71.8% (698/972) for bending and twisting for a long time, and 64.7% (629/972) for repetitive trunk movements. The univariate analysis showed that the prevalence rates of WMSDs were significantly different among workers categorized by gender, working age, twisting and/or bending for a long time, working in the same position for a long time, lifting heavy objects in an uncomfortable position, repetitive trunk movements, being unable to exert energy due to discomfort, work involving cold or temperature changes, personnel shortage, no rest between work, working hours per week, and working in an uncomfortable position (P<0.05). The results of multiple logistic regression indicated that female, working in the same position for a long time, working in an uncomfortable position (frequently), lifting heavy objects in an uncomfortable position, and being unable to exert energy due to discomfort were associated with higher risks of reporting WMSDs in the upper back (OR=2.37, 1.46, 1.76, 1.44, and 1.50, respectively, P<0.05); the risk of reporting WMSDs in the upper back increased by 95%, 157%, and 196% for every 10 h increase in weekly working hours (41-50 h, 51-60 h, ≥61 h vs ≤40 h); adequate rest time was associated with a lower risk for WMSDs in the upper back (OR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.49-0.98). Conclusion The prevalence rate of WMSDs in the upper back of welders in the automobile factory is high, and many occupational risk factors are involved. Measures should be taken for intervention and prevention.

Effect of long working hours on work-related musculoskeletal disorders among operation and maintenance workers of power supply enterprises / 环境与职业医学

Background Long working hours is harmful to the physical and mental health of occupational groups, and should receive active attention. Objective To evaluate the current status of long working hours among operation and maintenance workers of power supply enterprises, and explore its effects on work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) of the population. Methods From March to June 2021, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1433 operation and maintenance workers from 10 power supply enterprises in Jilin Province, Shandong Province, and Tianjin Municipality using cluster sampling. A total of 1433 copies of revised Mus-culoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire were distributed, 1343 questionnaires were recovered, and the recovery rate was 93.72%. The questionnaire included general information, personal health behaviors, weekly working hours, work-related factors, and musculoskeletal pain or discomfort in nine body parts in the past 12 months. χ2 test and multiple logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationships between long working hours (>40 h per week) and WMSDs. Results The average age of the workers was (39.42±9.89) years, and the average work experience was 11.00 (5.00, 21.00) years. There were 1158 males (86.22%) and 185 females (13.78%). The average weekly working hours of the workers were (47.98±11.35) h, and the proportion of long working hours (>40 h per week) was 61.06% (820/1343). The proportions of long working hours were higher among the workers with characteristics of male, power distribution, shift work, often/very often long-time standing, often/very often holding awkward postures, often handling heavy objects, limited space to operate, long-time neck tilting backward, keeping arms above shoulders, frequent elbow bending, repeating knee movement every minute, and repeating lower limb or foot movement every minute (all P<0.05). The prevalence rate of WMSDs was 81.53% (1095/1343) among the workers. The results of multiple logistic regression showed that after adjusting education, smoking, exercise, awkward postures, often handling heavy objects, limited space to operate, long-time heavy trunk bending, long-time neck tilting backward, and keeping arms above shoulders, compared with working ≤40 h per week, the risk of WMSDs among workers working >49 h per week was higher (OR=1.406, 95%CI: 1.011-1.955). Conclusion Long working hours is prominent among operation and maintenance workers of power supply enterprises, and increases the risk of reporting WMSDs.

Influencing factors and attribution analysis of hand/wrist musculoskeletal disorders among welders in an automobile factory / 环境与职业医学

Background Welders in automobile manufacturers are prone to hand/wrist musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), which seriously affect workers' physical and mental health. Objective To investigate the factors influencing hand/wrist MSDs of welders in an automobile factory and the population attributable risk percentage (PARP). Methods Five branches of an automobile factory were selected by convenient sampling method, and all qualified welders in the selected branches were enrolled as research participants. The Chinese Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to collect information such as general characteristics of welders, presentation of MSDs in the wrists and hands, and selected ergonomic factors. Log-binomial model in the SAS program was used to calculate the prevalence ratio (PR) of each influencing factor and PARP. Results The prevalence rate of MSDs in the hands/wrists of welders in the automobile factory was 44.1% (345/782). The results of multiple analysis showed that female (PR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.10-1.44), being very tired after work (versus not tired, PR=2.22, 95%CI: 1.16-4.25), twisting wrists (PR=1.44, 95%CI: 1.19-1.74), insufficient operating space (PR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.07-1.40), and holding or pinching objects by hands (PR=1.58, 95%CI: 1.18-2.12) increased the risk of reporting hand/wrist MSDs symptoms. The PARP of major occupational risk factors was: holding or pinching objects by hands, 32.46%; twisting wrists, 21.50%; being very tired after work, 15.28%; and insufficient operating space, 8.18%. Conclusion The prevalence of MSDs symptoms in hands/wrists of welders in this automobile factory is high. Gender, holding or pinching objects by hands, twisting wrists, being very tired after work, and insufficient operating space are the factors affecting hand/wrist MSDs, among which holding or pinching objects by hands and twisting wrists are the priority intervention factors.

Influencing factors and prediction model of neck pain in dentists / 环境与职业医学

Background Dentists are a high-risk population of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), where the body part with the highest prevalence is the neck. Objective To analyze potential influencing factors of neck pain among dentists, and explore a prediction model of neck pain in dentists. Methods Dentists from different hospitals in Fuzhou were selected as study subjects by stratified cluster sampling according to hospital characteristics (dental hospitals, general hospitals, and dental clinics). The basic information, presentation of WMSDs, and its influencing factors were investigated by using the Chinese version of Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire and the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique. A total of 655 questionnaires were collected, of which 603 were valid, with an effective rate of 92.1%. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze potential influencing factors of neck pain in dentists. A prediction model of neck pain of dentists was constructed by using neural network model, and the prediction efficiency of the model was evaluated. Results The neck was the body part with the highest prevalence (43.8%, 264/603) of WMSDs among dentists. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that female (OR=2.709, 95%CI: 1.852-3.962, P <0.001), working age of 10-<20 years (versus <10 years, OR=3.836, 95%CI: 2.471-5.957, P<0.001), keeping head up or down for a long time (OR=8.492, 95%CI: 2.203-32.731, P=0.002), holding head sideways for a long time (OR=2.210, 95%CI: 1.376-3.550, P<0.001), maintaining the same sitting spot for a long time (OR=4.336, 95%CI: 2.192-8.579, P<0.001), and psychological load value ≥70 (versus <40, OR=1.901, 95%CI: 1.038-3.480, P=0.037) increased the risk of neck pain in dentists. Sufficient operating space (OR=0.507, 95%CI: 0.302-0.850, P=0.010) and doing some exercise during work break (OR=0.670, 95%CI: 0.453-0.991, P=0.045) reduced the risk of reporting neck pain among dentists. A neural network prediction model of dentists' neck pain was constructed with 1 hidden layer and 6 hidden layer neurons. The percentage of correct prediction of training set was 89.6%, and the percentage of correct prediction of test set was 83.9%. The order of importance of the independent variables included in the model were working age, holding head sideways for a long time, psychological load, etc. The result of neural network model of neck pain among dentists showed that the area under the curve of receiver operator characteristic (ROC) was 0.940 (95%CI: 0.922-0.958, P<0.001). When the maximum diagnostic value was determined by the ROC curve, the sensitivity was 84.8%, the specificity was 91.2%, and the Youden Index was 0.760. Conclusion Neck pain of dentists is affected by many factors, such as individual factors (gender and working age), ergonomic factors (keeping various postures and operations for a long time, operating space, etc.), psychological factors (different levels of psychological load) and so on. The neural network model can be used as a prediction tool to explore the risk of reporting neck pain among dentists.

Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and its influencing factors among workers involving climbing task in power supply enterprises / 环境与职业医学

Background Operation and maintenance work in the power grid industry often involving climbing, manual handling, and poor postures causing serious problems like work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). The influencing factors of WMSDs are not very clear, but the problem has been widely concerned in this industry. Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of WMSDs among climbing task-involved workers in power supply enterprises. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, a total of 702 workers involving climbing task from 10 power supply enterprises in Jilin Province, Tianjin Municipality, and Shandong province were selected as study subjects using cluster sampling. The Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire which was revised by Lei Yang was used to estimate the prevalence and identify related factors of WMSDs. \begin{document}$ {\chi

Prevalence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in chemical pharmaceutical industry / 环境与职业医学

Background Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are one of the major occupational health problems in the world. Pharmaceutical industry is an important part of China's national economy. At present, there are few related studies reported at home and abroad. Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of WMSDs in chemical pharmaceutical industry. Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted among all workers from three chemical pharmaceutical enterprises in Guangzhou. The Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to collect information on demographic characteristics, symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders, types of work, work organization, and and work postures. Multiple logistic regression method was used to analyze the risk factors of WMSDs in chemical pharmaceutical workers. Results In this study, 563 workers were selected as subjects. The total prevalence rate of WMSDs symptoms in the chemical pharmaceutical workers was 43.9% (247/563), and the leading body part-specific prevalence rate from high to low was 34.3% in the lower back, 24.3% in the upper back, 24.0% in the shoulders, and 23.8% in the neck. The prevalence rate of WMSDs symptoms in multiple body parts (30.0%) was 2.16 times higher than that in single body part (13.9%), and the prevalence rate of WMSDs symptoms in four body parts was the highest (11.4%). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥50 years (reference age <30 years) (OR=2.140, 95%CI: 1.054-4.345), often or very often (reference never/rarely) long-time head rotating (OR=2.695, 95%CI: 1.753-4.142) and long-time keeping arms above shoulders (OR=1.902, 95%CI: 1.108-3.265) increased the risk of reporting WMSDs symptoms (P<0.05). Regarding education level, workers with high school and technical secondary school (OR=0.333, 95%CI: 0.175-0.636) or college and above (OR=0.413, 95%CI: 0.216-0.790) education had a lower risk of reporting WMSDs symptoms than those with middle school or below (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of reporting WMSDs symptoms in chemical pharmaceutical industry is high, the involving body parts are lower back, upper back, shoulders, and neck, and reporting simultaneous occurrence of WMSDs symptoms in multiple body parts is common. The chemical pharmaceutical manufacturers can reduce the risk of WMSDs by strengthening the training on workers' ergonomics knowledge, paying attention to the less educated personnel, protecting the elderly workers, and avoiding awkward work postures, like rotating head for a long time and raising arms over shoulders.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders and their influencing factors among workers in a furniture factory / 环境与职业医学

Background Furniture manufacturing is one of the typical labor-intensive industries, and workers in this industry face a high risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), which seriously affect the physical and mental health of workers. Objective To explore the prevalence and potential risk factors of WMSDs among workers in a large-scale furniture manufacturing factory. Methods A cross-sectional study of 3431 workers in a furniture factory in Guangdong Province was conducted from September to December 2019. Information including reported WMSDs in various body parts in the past year, demographic characteristics, work organization factors, job characteristics, and work postures was collected by an electronic version of Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire. Pearson χ2 test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors leading to WMSDs. Results The overall prevalence rate of WMSDs was 32.12% (1102/3431). The most common WMSDs symptoms occurred in the neck (16.85%), followed by the feet (15.27%), shoulders (14.81%), and hands (14.25%). The prevalence rates of WMSDs in the neck, shoulders, elbows, hands, legs, and feet were significantly different among different types of work (P<0.05). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that individual factors, work organization factors, job characteristics, and awkward work postures were associated with the frequency of reporting WMSDs in specific parts of workers. Comparatively poor physical health (including moderate, poor, and very poor) was positively correlated with neck, shoulder, hand, and foot WMSDs (OR=1.479-4.077); working with an uncomfortable posture (OR=1.983) and doing the same task almost every day (OR=1.783) were positively correlated with neck pain; doing the same task almost every day (OR=2.408) and neck twisting for a long time (OR=1.830) were positively correlated with shoulder pain; bending wrists up and down frequently (OR=1.948) and bending wrists for a long time (OR=2.081) were positively correlated with hand pain; prolonged standing (OR=1.953) and often working overtime (OR=1.627) were positively correlated with feet pain; sufficient rest time was negatively correlated with WMSDs in the neck, shoulders, hands, and foot (OR=0.544-0.717). Conclusion The prevalence rate of WMSDs in furniture manufacturing workers is relatively high, and neck, feet, shoulders, and hands are the most involved body parts. The frequency of reporting WMSDs is related to individual factors, work organization factors, job characteristics, and awkward work postures.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders and their prevention and control / 环境与职业医学

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are chronic and cumulative disorders that are affected by multiple ergonomic factors. They are widespread in occupational populations and have a high prevalence. They have caused a substantial economic and social burden, which has become a major occupational health problem worldwide. The mechanism of WMSDs needs to be clarified. More authoritative and unified diagnostic criteria and specific therapeutic drugs are required. Therefore, an in-depth epidemiological investigation on WMSDs involving occupational ergonomics is of great scientific value and practical significance, which aims to improve hazard identification and ergonomic load risk assessment and to facilitate the prevention, control, and intervention of WMSDs. This article introduced the concept, status report, risk factors, ergonomic assessment methods, and preventive measures of WMSDs. This special column on "occupational ergonomics and work-related musculoskeletal disorders" presented the prevalence and related risk factors of WMSDs in different industries, as well as working condition simulation studies for specific tasks, aiming to provide objective and detailed scientific data for the prevention and control of WMSDs.

Ergonomic issues during bronchoscopy: A local case study and review of literature

Objective@#This single-subject case study was done to evaluate the presence and evaluate the risk factors for the development of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) among the staff performing bronchoscopy in the bronchoscopy suite.@*Methods@#A single-subject case study to describe the ergonomic issues in bronchoscopy including identifying multiple factors that can potentially, either singly or in combination, affect physical work capacity. The study focused on the evaluation and control of occupational factors during bronchoscopy to improve awareness of ergonomic issues in bronchoscopy using the following data collection tools: 1) hierarchical task analysis, 2) activity sampling, 3) direct observation of the procedure (walk-around), 5) structured interview of the subject, and 5) utilization of checklists.@*Results@#During the process of bronchoscopy, identified factors that can cause pain in the wrists, fingers, and shoulders include repetitive movement and awkward positions of the hands and wrists coming from the need to move the directional controls and position the bronchoscope. For the back, prolonged standing with awkward postures is a concern. For the neck, the need to look at the monitor which is situated at the side of the patient and frequent shifting of the eyes and head from the monitor to the patient can cause neck pain and stiffness. Aside from the above, other factors would include job stress from the workload, inadequate time for rest and recovery, and the possibility of an uncomfortable environment due to poor air quality. Chronic exposure and repeated injury followed by inflammation and repair lead to structural and biochemical changes in the tissues affected by Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs) leading to the development of WMSDs.@*Conclusion@#Although CTDs do not account for work-related deaths, they do account for a significant amount of human suffering, loss of productivity, and economic burden on the compensation system. Thus, ergonomic concerns must be addressed early to prevent WMSDs/CTDs.

Prevalence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among clinical nurses in China: A meta-analysis / 环境与职业医学

Background Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) seriously affect work efficiency and quality of life of nurses. Currently, there are significant differences in the published studies on WMSDs in nurses. Objective To systematically evaluate the prevalence of WMSDs among nurses in the mainland of China and analyze its main influencing factors. Methods Eight databases (CNKI, Wanfang data, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase) were selected for searching literature reporting prevalence and influencing factors of WMSDs among clinical nurses in China from inception to December 31, 2022. The literature was included according to a pre-set criteria of inclusion and exclusion. The quality of cross-sectional studies was assessed using the criteria recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and the extracted data were analyzed by Stata 15.0 software. A random effect model or a fixed effect model was selected to calculate combined effects based on heterogeneity of included studies. Results A total of 19 studies were included in this meta-analysis, including 14 studies published in Chinese and 5 in English, involving 17852 nurses in total. The estimated prevalence rate of WMSDs since work among clinical nurses in China was 85.5% (95%CI: 79.8%, 91.1%), the estimated annual prevalence rate was 81.0% (95%CI: 75.2%, 86.8%), and the estimated weekly prevalence rate was 65.0% (95%CI: 48.5%, 81.5%). The results of subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence rate of WMSDs among nurses in specific departments of emergency, ICU, and midwifery was 88.6% (95%CI: 82.6%, 94.6%), higher than that among nurses in general departments [79.0% (95%CI: 72.5%, 85.5%)]. The reported prevalence of WMSDs from 2018 to 2022 was 82.2% (95%CI: 75.0%, 89.4%), which was higher than that from 2004 to 2017 [76.8% (95%CI: 67.2%, 86.4%)]. Age >40 years (OR=2.34, 95%CI: 1.69, 3.24), length of service >10 years (OR=2.12, 95%CI: 1.43, 3.15), obesity (OR=2.73, 95%CI: 1.56, 4.77), night shift (OR=2.03, 95%CI: 1.81, 2.28), lifting heavy objects (OR=3.80, 95%CI: 1.79, 8.07), rest during work (OR=0.49, 95%CI: 0.30, 0.83), and bending (OR=3.47, 95%CI: 2.37, 5.08) were influencing factors of WMSDs in nurses. Conclusion The prevalence rate of WMSDs among Chinese nurses is high, and it is increasing year by year. Nurses in specific departments such as emergency, ICU, and midwifery show higher prevalence rates than those in general departments. Age > 40 years, length of service >10 years, obesity, night shifts, lifting heavy objects, and bending are risk factors for WMSDs among nurses, while rest during work is a protective factor. Therefore, early prevention actions should be taken targeting the above factors, such as increasing auxiliary assistance facilities and improving work patterns, so as to reduce the risk of WMSDs.

Factors Associated with Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders Risk among Bamboo Craftsman in Mojorejo Village, Ponorogo Indonesia

@#Introduction: Work-related Musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) becomes the one of most-occupational problem and highly related to the individual and work factors. Eighty percent (80%) workers in the woven bamboo industry in Mojorejo Village dominated by middle aged workers (>40 years) that most of their producing activities are manually handled, without using machine or modern technology. Incompatibility work station, long working hours and repeated movement aggravated the WMSDs risk. This study aims to describe the WMSDs risk and determine its factors based on individual characteristics. Methods: There are 58 workers as respondents in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected and analyzed using quantitative method. Posture Exposure (PE) were measured using the QEC instrument. While the WMSDs risk were measured using PLIBEL. Individual factors (PE, Age, Working Period) related to WMSDs were analyzed using Multinomial Logistic Regression (95% CI). The Chi-square test were also used to compare PE rates among WMSDs risk levels. Results: Most respondents (48.3%) with 51-70% PE rate have a high level of WMSDs risk. While 27 % respondents with PE rate >70% have a very high level. The neck is the region most exposed to the WMSDs (score 15.5/very high level risk). PE rate is the only factor that significantly related to WMSDs risk (sig. = 0.043; Rsquare = 0.529; r =0.703). While the age and working period has no significant correlation (Sig = 0.859 and 0.851 respectively). Conclusion: Based on the result, immediate improvement required to be implemented. It is suggested to redesigned work stations adjusted to the workers posture and position.

Assessment of ergonomic load on the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in ICU nurses / 中国职业医学

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses, assess its relationship with ergonomic load and overall exposure levels. Methods: A total of 272 ICU nurses from two tertiary hospitals in a city were selected as the research subjects using convenient sampling method. The Chinese Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs among the ICU nurses. The Quick Exposure Check (QEC) was used to assess the ergonomic load on the back, shoulder/arm, hand/wrist, and neck during different clinical nursing operations. Results: The annual prevalence of WMSDs was 75.7% among ICU nurses. The annual prevalence of WMSDs in different body parts, from high to low, was as follows： lower back, neck, shoulder/arm, back, knee, hip/leg, hand/wrist, ankle/foot, and elbow (54.8% vs 43.4% vs 40.8% vs 36.0% vs 21.3% vs 19.9% vs 18.8% vs 18.4% vs 8.1%, P<0.01). ICU nurses had the highest QEC scores on the back (dynamic), shoulder/arm, hand/wrist, and neck with assisting patient turning (all P<0.05) among the six clinical nursing items. During the operation of patient turning, patient lifting, patient bathing, and bed sheet changing for bedridden patients, the back (dynamic) and shoulder/arm were at a high load level, while the hand/wrist and neck were at a mild load level. When nurses were providing tracheostomy care and oral care for intubated patients, their back (static), shoulder/arm, hand/wrist, and neck were at a mild load level. The overall exposure rate for assisting patient turning, patient lifting, oral care for intubated patients, bed sheet changing for bedridden patients, patient bathing, and tracheostomy care were 77.8%, 66.5%, 63.6%, 60.2%, 58.5%, and 57.4%, respectively. The risk for assisting patient turning was classified as level four, while the risk for other clinical nursing items was level three. Conclusion: The prevalence of WMSDs in ICU nurses is high. Both ergonomic load level and total exposure rate of back, shoulder/arm, hand/wrist and neck were high during clinical nursing operations.

Correlation between work fatigue and work-related musculoskeletal pain or injury in the occupational population in China / 中国职业医学

Objective: To analyze the current status of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), work fatigue and musculoskeletal pain in Chinese occupational population, and to study the relationship between work fatigue and musculoskeletal pain and WMSDs. Methods: A total of 66 961 employees from 323 enterprises in 15 key industries in China were selected as the study subjects using stratified cluster sampling method. The incidence of WMSDs in the past year was investigated using the Chinese version of the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, and the work fatigue and musculoskeletal pain were investigated using Borg 6-20 Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale and visual analogue scale. The data were standardized using the age composition data of 18 to 60 years from the seventh national population census. Results: The standardized annual incidence of WMSDs was higher in the front-line workers than that in the administrative and other supportive staff (38.82% vs 36.30%). The detection rates of work fatigue and musculoskeletal pain in the study subjects were 44.54% and 63.08%, respectively. The result of S-curve fitting showed that the risk of WMSDs increased with the level of work fatigue (P<0.01). Among the front-line workers, the average of monthly fatigue frequency in the neck, shoulder, lower back, upper back, wrist/hand, foot and ankle, knee, leg, and elbow were higher in the group with WMSDs compared to those without WMSDs (all P<0.01). The pain degree of musculoskeletal pain was higher in all nine sites in the fatigued group than in the no-fatigue group (all P<0.01). The standardized detection rate of musculoskeletal pain was higher in the fatigued group than in the non-fatigued group (80.38% vs 25.71%). The work fatigue was moderate and positively correlated with musculoskeletal pain in all seven sites except the lower back and elbow, with Kendall Tau-b correlation coefficients ranging from 0.423 to 0.546 (all P<0.01). Conclusion: There is a good correlation between work fatigue and local musculoskeletal pain, work fatigue and WMSDs in Chinese occupational population. Implementing ergonomic interventions to control the development of work fatigue can be an effective measure for preventing WMSDs.

Analyzing the influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the neck and waist of express delivery workers / 中国职业医学

{L-End}Objective To investigate the prevalence of neck and waist work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and its relationship with occupational stress among express delivery workers. {L-End}Methods A total of 437 express delivery workers in Shenzhen City were selected as the research subjects using convenient sampling method. The prevalence of neck and waist WMSDs and the level of occupational stress were investigated by the Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire and Work Content Questionnaire. {L-End}Results The prevalences of neck and waist WMSDs among the workers in the past year were 47.6% (208/437) and 60.2% (263/437), respectively. The detection rate of occupatioonal stress was 51.5%(225/437). The prevalences of neck and waist WMSDs among the workers of the occupational stress group were higher than that in the non-occupational stress group (51.9% vs 42.6%, 66.4% vs 53.0%, both P<0.01). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of neck WMSDs was higher in workers with weekly working hours >40 hours, workers with poor working posture, and workers with occupational stress compared with workers with weekly working hours ≤40 hours, workers without poor working posture, and workers without occupational stress, respectively (all P<0.05). The risk of waist WMSDs was higher in workers without weekly exercise, workers with poor working posture, and workers with occupational stress compared with workers with weekly exercise, workers without poor working posture, and workers without occupational stress, respectively (all P<0.05). {L-End}Conclusion The prevalence of neck and waist WMSDs, which may be influenced by occupational stress and poor working postures, is relatively high among express delivery workers.